Conductance of aqueous NaCl solutions at pressures up to 2000 atm

Electrical conductance measurements are reported for aqueous NaCl solutions at 25°C as a function of concentration up to 0.02M and pressures up to 2000 atm. The data were analyzed with the Fuoss-Hsia-Fernandez-Prini (FHFP) equation. The standard error of fit, , varies from 0.04 at 1 atm to 0.10 at 2000 atm. The increase of with pressure arises from increasing non-randomness in the distribution of errors about the FHFP equation suggesting that modifications in the theory are necessary. The pressure dependence of _O for NaCl and KCl is nearly identical.Contribution of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, New Series     

PU大分子单体水溶液性质

双亲聚合物一般由亲水和亲油 2种链段构成 ,有嵌段型[1,2 ] 和接枝型[3 ] 2种 ,其中通过大分子单体法合成双亲接枝聚合物备受关注[4] 。如以亲水性大分子单体和亲油性小分子单体共聚 ,大分子单体构成共聚物主链上支链 ,具有较大活动性 ,亲水效能高。采用对氯甲基苯乙烯[5] 或甲基丙烯酰氯[6] 与聚氧化乙烯大分子的一端相反应 ,可得到亲水性大分子单体 ,但其分子量及结构变化有限。本文采用常规条件 ,合成了嵌段式水溶性聚氨酯大分子单体 ,其分子量较大 ,共聚接枝的支链较长。利用该大分子单体具有非离子高分子表面活性剂的性质 ,采用无皂乳…     

6AZO-CONTAINING SELF-ASSEMBLY ULTRA-THIN FILMS AND THEIR PHOTOVOLTAIC PROPERTIES

A kind of azo-containing resin (Azo-R) was synthesized by a simple way through the coupling reaction of 2-nitro-N-methyldiphenylamine-4-diazoresin (NDR) with phenol, and a new covalentely attached multilayer film from Azo-R as H-donor and photosensitive diazoresin, diphenylamine-4-diazoresin (DR) as H-acceptor via H-bonding attraction by selfassembly technique has been fabricated. Following the decomposition of diazonium group of DR under exposure to UV light, the H-bonds between the layers of the film convert to covalent bonds and the film becomes very stable toward polar solvents or electrolyte aqueous solutions. Thus the UV-irradiated azo-containing films can be used to measure photocurrent in a conventional three-electrode photoelectrochemical cell using KCl as supporting electrolyte. It was confirmed that the azo-containing multilayer film is responsible for the photocurrent generation.     

On the properties of surfactant aqueous solutions

Summary From studies of aqueous solutions of dodecylammoniumnitrate an association mechanism has been proposed involving multiequilibrium. In the concentration range considered we can differentiate between two aspects: ranges of marked qualitative and quantitative changes and formation of differently structured surfactant species.

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Zusammenfassung Aus der Untersuchung wäßriger Lösungen von Dodecylammoniumnitrat würde ein Assoziationsmechanismus abgeleitet, welcher ein Multiequilibrium beinhaltet. Im untersuchten Konzentrationsbereich können zwei Bereiche unterschieden werden: Bereiche mit ausgeprägten qualitativen und quantitativen Änderungen und Bereiche mit der Bildung von verschieden strukturierten oberflächenaktiven Spezies.

     

Hydration heat capacities of hydrophobic solutes at 248–373 K

A new equation is suggested to define the temperature dependence of the Gibbs energy of hydration of hydrophobic substances: ΔG ⁰ = b ₀ + b ₁ T + b ₂lnT. According to this equation, the hydration heat capacity is in inverse proportion to temperature. Consistent values of hydration heat capacity of nonpolar solutes have been obtained for different temperatures using data on solubility and dissolution enthalpy. The contributions of the hydrocarbon radicals and OH group to the heat capacity of hydration of the compounds were found for the temperature range 248–373 K. The hydration heat capacity of the hydroxyl group has a weak dependence on temperature and increases by only 12 J/(mol·K) in the specified temperature interval. Changes in the hydration entropy of hydrophobic and OH groups are calculated for the temperature increasing from 248 K to 373 K.     

正负离子表面活性剂在短链脂肪醇/水中沉淀-囊泡转化和双水相的形成

首次报道在短链脂肪醇/水溶剂中十二烷基硫酸钠和辛基三甲基溴化铵混合体系由沉淀转化为囊泡，并出现表面活性剂双水相的新现象，以期探索正负离子表面活性剂混合体系研究的新途径。     

钡修饰Ir/SiO2催化剂对氨分解促进作用的研究

研究了浸渍法制备的Ba修饰S iO2担载型铱(Ir)基催化剂(Ba-Ir/S iO2)在氨催化分解模型反应的作用。结果表明Ba的添加显著提高了催化剂的活性和稳定性。采用H2-TPR和H2-TPD对Ba-Ir/SiO2进行分析和研究,结果显示助催化剂Ba和活性催化组分Ir之间发生了强相互作用。Ba-Ir/SiO2在氨催化分解模型反应中的主要活性物种是零价态的Ir。     

离子液体萃取阿魏酸和咖啡酸的性能研究

以1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([C4mim][PF6])和1-甲基-3-己基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([C6mim][PF6])离子液体为萃取剂,采用紫外分光光度法研究了溶液pH值、温度、相比率及盐的种类和浓度对其萃取阿魏酸和咖啡酸效率的影响,考察了被萃取物的回收及离子液体的循环使用,探讨了两种离子液体替代传统有机溶剂阿魏酸和咖啡酸的可能性。实验结果表明:萃取温度和无机盐的种类及浓度对FA和CA萃取效率的影响较小;水相pH值对萃取效率有较大的影响,萃取FA适宜pH应小于3.67,萃取CA适宜pH应小于3.71;被萃取物浓度增大,萃取效率降低,而相体积比增大其萃取效率升高;两种离子液体对FA和CA的萃取效率[C4mim][PF6]大于[C6mim][PF6],同种离子液体对FA的萃取效率大于CA;在萃取相中的FA和CA可定量回收,且被萃取物中离子液体的残留[C6mim][PF6]小于[C4mim][PF6],离子液体可循环使用。     

Ionization of aqueous toluic acids: Conductance and thermodynamics

Conductivities of aqueous solutions ofortho-, meta-, andpara-toluic acids have been measured for the concentration range 0.1–2 millimolar and at 5° intervals from 5 to 100°C. At each temperature pK _a(m) andA ₀ have been calculated using the paired ion model recently described by Fuoss. Thermodynamic parameters have been calculated for the ionization of each acid, and Walden products for the anions. Results are discussed in terms of contributions to acidity by enthalpy and entropy changes as well as by hydration of the various solute species.     

The de novo design of median molecules within a property range of interest

Summary In this paper an application is presented of the median molecule workflow to the de novo design of novel molecular entities with a property profile of interest. Median molecules are structures that are optimised to be similar to a set of existing molecules of interest as an approach for lead exploration and hopping. An overview of this workflow is provided together with an example of an instance using the similarity to camphor and menthol as objectives. The methodology of the experiments is defined and the workflow is applied to designing novel molecules for two physical property datasets: mean molecular polarisability and aqueous solubility. This paper concludes with a discussion of the characteristics of this method.